Athenian Political Art from the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BCE: Images of Political Personifications

Secondary Sources

A.C. Smith, Political Personifications in Classical Athenian Art (Diss. New Haven 1997)..
·    Further Reading
A. Kosmopoulou, “The Relief Base of Atarbos, Akropolis Museum 1338,” in K. Hartswick and M. Sturgeon eds., Stephanos. Studies in Honor of Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway (Philadelphia 1998).
·    Further Reading
AJA 101 [1997] 33.
·    Boule (Council)
ARV², 1316.3.
·    Eirene (Peace)
Buxton 1985, 37.
·    Harmonia (Harmony)
C.L. Lawton, Attic Document Reliefs. Art and Politics in Ancient Athens (Oxford 1995)..
·    Further Reading
CVA Mainz University 2 [1993] 45.
·    Eunomia (Good Order)
D. Metzler, “Eunomia und Aphrodite. Zur Ikonologie einer attischen Vasengruppe,” Hephaistos 2 (1980) 73-88..
·    Further Reading
DK,1 B 103.
·    (Agathe) Tyche (Good Fortune)
DK, 31 B 16, 18-20.
·    Philia (Friendship)
DK, 82 B 11.14.
·    Peitho (Persuasion)
DK, 82 B 8a.
·    Homonoia (Concord)
DK, 87 B 44a.
·    Homonoia (Concord)
E.B. Harrison, “The Shoulder-Cord of Themis,” in U. Höckmann and A. Krug eds., Festschrift für Frank Brommer (Mainz 1977)..
·    Further Reading
E. Simon, “Aphrodite Pandemos auf attischen Münzen,” SNR 49 (1970)..
·    Further Reading
E. Simon, “Eirene und Pax. Friedensgöttinnen in der Antike,” Sitzungsberichte der Wissenschaften Gesellschaft an der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main 24 (1988) 55-69..
·    Further Reading
Embiricos Collection, London.
·    Eukleia (Good Repute)
Frel 1963.
·    Adikia and Dike (Injustice and Justice)
H.A. Shapiro, Personifications in Greek Art. The Representation of Abstract Concepts. 600-400 B.C. (Zurich 1993)..
·    Further Reading
Hampe 1955, 123.
·    Eunomia (Good Order)
Harrison 1977.
·    Themis
Harrison 1977, 159.
·    Themis
I. Jucker, “Kephalos im Göttergarten,” Zur griechischen Kunst. Festschrift H. Bloesch. AntK-Beih. 9 [1973] 63.
·    Peitho (Persuasion)
J. Frel, “Dike and Adikia,” Geras (Prague 1963).
·    Further Reading
J.J. Pollitt, “Pots, Politics, and Personifications in Early Classical Athens,” Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin 40 (1987) 9-15..
·    Further Reading
J. Neils, “A Greek Nativity by the Meidias Painter,” BullClevelandMus 70 (1983) 274-89..
·    Further Reading
Kosmopoulou 1998.
·    Phyle/Phylai (Tribe/s)
Lawton 1995, 58.
·    Boule (Council)
LIMC, 3, 703-704 s.v. “Eirene” no. 9.
·    Eirene (Peace)
LIMC, 7, 171-72 s.v. “Pannychia,” “Pannychis” no. 4.
·    Eirene (Peace)
LIMC 2, 35 no. 238 s.v. “Aphrodite” [A. Delivorrias].
·    Demoi of foreign cities
LIMC 3, 376 nos. 1-2, pl. 271.
·    Demoi of demes
LIMC 3, 378-79 s.v. “Demos” no. 42.
·    Demoi of demes
LSJ.
·    Philia (Friendship)
M.M. Miles, “A Reconstruction of the Temple of Nemesis at Rhamnous,” Hesperia 58 (1989) 226-35..
·    Further Reading
M. Meyer, Die griechischen Urkundenreliefs. AM-BH 13 (Berlin 1989)..
·    Further Reading
M.P. Nilsson, “Kultische Personifikation,” Eranos 50 (1952) 31-40..
·    Further Reading
Meyer 1989, 318 N 10, pl. 54.1, 55.1.
·    Demoi of foreign cities
Meyer 1989, 319 N 12.
·    Demoi of foreign cities
Miles 1989.
·    Nemesis (Retribution)
Neils 1983, 21.
·    Themis
Nilsson 1955, 494.
·    Eukleia (Good Repute)
O. Palagia, “A Colossal Statue of a Personification from the Agora of Athens,” Hesperia 51 (1982) 99-113..
·    Further Reading
O. Palagia, “A Draped Female Torso in the Ashmolean Museum,” JHS 95 (1975) 180-82..
·    Further Reading
O. Palagia, “No Demokratia,” in O. Palagia, W.D.E. Coulson, T.L. Shear, Jr., H.A. Shapiro, and F.J. Frost eds., The Archaeology of Athens and Attica under the Democracy (Oxford 1994) 113-22..
·    Further Reading
OED 2.1074.
·    Summary
Palagia 1982, 111.
·    Demokratia (Democracy)
Palagia 1994, 117.
·    Demokratia (Democracy)
R.G.A. Buxton, Persuasion in Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 1985).
·    Further Reading
Raoul-Rochette Collection.
·    Eirene (Peace)
Schöne 1872, 54, no. 107, pl. 26..
·    (Agathe) Tyche (Good Fortune)
Shapiro 1986, 11-14.
·    Nemesis (Retribution)
Shapiro 1993, 173.
·    Nemesis (Retribution)
Shapiro 1993, 194-95.
·    Nemesis (Retribution)
Shapiro 1993, 195.
·    Peitho (Persuasion)
Shapiro 1993, 45.
·    Eirene (Peace)
Shapiro 1993, 95.
·    Harmonia (Harmony)
Simon 1970, 12-13, pl. 2.4.
·    Peitho (Persuasion)
T.B.L. Webster, Art and Literature in Fourth Century Athens (London 1956)..
·    Further Reading
The Route of Parmenides [New Haven 1970] 139.
·    Peitho (Persuasion)

Index locorum (sorted by section)

Summary

Secondary Sources: OED 2.1074. (top)

Adikia and Dike (Injustice and Justice)

Secondary Sources: Frel 1963. (top)

Anangke (Necessity)

Hdt. 8.111 (in text as: Hdt. 8.111) ; Plut. Them. 21 (in text as: Plut. Them. 21) . (top)

Arete (Excellence, Valor)

Bacchyl. Ep. 13.183 (in text as: Bacchyl. Ep. 13.183) ; Plin. HN 34.19.78 (in text as: Plin. HN 34.19.78) ; Plin. HN 35.70 (in text as: Plin. HN 35.70) . (top)

Basileia (Kingdom, Sovereignty, or Monarchy)

Aristoph. Birds 1753 (in text as: 1753) ; Aristoph. Birds 1538-41 (in text as: Aristoph. Birds 1538-41) . (top)

Boule (Council)

IG 1.3, 191 (in text as: IG I³, 191) ; IG 2.2, 160 (in text as: IG II², 160) ; IG 2.2, 46k (in text as: IG II², 46k) ; IG 2.2, 90 (in text as: IG II², 90) ; IG 2.2 367 (in text as: IG II² 367) ; SEG 28.102 (in text as: SEG 28.102) .

Secondary Sources: AJA 101 [1997] 33; Lawton 1995, 58. (top)

Demokratia (Democracy)

IG 2.2, 1496.127 (in text as: 127) ; IG 2.2, 1496.131 (in text as: 131) ; IG 2.2, 1496.140 (in text as: 140-41) ; Hdt. 6.131.1 (in text as: 6.131.1) ; Andoc. 1.87 (in text as: Andoc. 1.87) ; Dem. 20.92-94 (in text as: Dem. 20.92-94) ; Dem. 24.30 (in text as: Dem. 24.30) ; Hdt. 6.43.3 (in text as: Hdt. 6.43.3) ; IG 2.2, 1496.107 (in text as: IG II², 1496.107) ; IG 2.2, 2791 (in text as: IG II², 2791) ; Paus. 1.3.3-4 (in text as: Paus. 1.3.3-4) ; Sch. Aeschin. 1.39 (in text as: Sch. Aeschin. 1.39) ; SEG 12.87 (in text as: SEG 12.87) ; Thuc. 2.37.1 (in text as: Thuc. 2.37.1) .

Secondary Sources: Palagia 1982, 111; Palagia 1994, 117. (top)

Demos (Populace) of Athens

Aristoph. Kn. 1111-18 (in text as: Aristoph. Kn. 1111-18) ; Dem. 18.90 (in text as: Dem. 18.90) ; Dem. 18.92 (in text as: Dem. 18.92) ; IG 1.2, 854 (in text as: IG I², 854) ; IG 1.3, 136 (in text as: IG I³, 136) ; IG 1.3, 191 (in text as: IG I³, 191) ; IG 2.2, 110 (in text as: IG II², 110) ; IG 2.2, 160 (in text as: IG II², 160) ; IG 2.2, 167 (in text as: IG II², 167) ; IG 2.2, 212 (in text as: IG II², 212) ; IG 2.2, 347 (in text as: IG II², 347) ; IG 2.2, 406 (in text as: IG II², 406) ; IG 2.2, 417 (in text as: IG II², 417) ; IG 2.2, 448 (in text as: IG II², 448) ; IG 2.2, 4630 (in text as: IG II², 4630) ; IG 2.2, 46k (in text as: IG II², 46k) ; IG 2.2, 97 (in text as: IG II², 97) ; IG 2.2 367 (in text as: IG II² 367) ; Paus. 1.1.3 (in text as: Paus. 1.1.3) ; Paus. 1.3.3-4 (in text as: Paus. 1.3.3-4) ; Plin. HN 35.69 (in text as: Plin. HN 35.69) ; Plin. HN 35.69 (in text as: Plin. HN 35.69) ; SEG 12.87 (in text as: SEG 12.87) . (top)

Demoi of demes

IG 1.3, 79 (in text as: IG I³, 79) .

Secondary Sources: LIMC 3, 376 nos. 1-2, pl. 271; LIMC 3, 378-79 s.v. “Demos” no. 42. (top)

Demoi of foreign cities

Dem. 18.90 (in text as: Dem. 18.90) .

Secondary Sources: LIMC 2, 35 no. 238 s.v. “Aphrodite” [A. Delivorrias]; Meyer 1989, 318 N 10, pl. 54.1, 55.1; Meyer 1989, 319 N 12. (top)

Eirene (Peace)

Pind. O. 13.6-8 (in text as: 13.6-8) ; Bacchyl. 14.59 (in text as: Bacchyl. 14.59) ; Hes. Th. 901-902 (in text as: Hes. Th. 901-902) ; Paus. 1.18.3 (in text as: Paus. 1.18.3) ; Paus. 1.8.3 (in text as: Paus. 1.8.3) ; Paus. 9.16.2 (in text as: Paus. 9.16.2) ; Pind. O. 9.22-24 (in text as: Pind. O. 9.22-24) ; Plut. Cim. 13.6 (in text as: Plut. Cim. 13.6) ; Timoth. Pers. fr. 791.240 Page, PMG (in text as: Timoth. Pers. fr. 791.240 Page, PMG) .

Secondary Sources: ARV², 1316.3; LIMC, 3, 703-704 s.v. “Eirene” no. 9; LIMC, 7, 171-72 s.v. “Pannychia,” “Pannychis” no. 4; Raoul-Rochette Collection; Shapiro 1993, 45. (top)

Eukleia (Good Repute)

Paus. 1.15.4 (in text as: Paus. 1.15.4) ; Plut. Arist. 20 (in text as: Plut. Arist. 20) ; Soph. Aj. 462-64 (in text as: Soph. Aj. 462-64) .

Secondary Sources: Embiricos Collection, London; Nilsson 1955, 494. (top)

Eunomia (Good Order)

Aristot. Ath. Pol. 42 (in text as: Aristot. Ath. Pol. 42) ; Bacchyl. Ep. 13.183 (in text as: Bacchyl. Ep. 13.183) ; Bacchyl. Ep. 13.186-187 (in text as: Bacchyl. Ep. 13.186-187) ; Hes. Th. 901-902 (in text as: Hes. Th. 901-902) ; HH 30 11-15 (in text as: Hymn. Hom. 30.11-15) ; Dem. 25.35 (in text as: Ps.-Dem. 25.35) ; Solon fr. 4.31-38 West, IE2 (in text as: Solon fr. 4.31-38 West, IE²) ; Soph. Aj. 713 (in text as: Soph. Aj. 713) ; Tyrtaios frs. 1-4 West, IE2. (in text as: Tyrtaios frs. 1-4 West, IE².) .

Secondary Sources: CVA Mainz University 2 [1993] 45; Hampe 1955, 123. (top)

Eutaxia (Good Order)

IG 2.2, 417 (in text as: IG II², 417) . (top)

Hellas (Greece)

Paus. 5.11.5 (in text as: Paus. 5.11.5) ; Plin. HN 34.19.78 (in text as: Plin. HN 34.19.78) . (top)

Harmonia (Harmony)

Aesch. PB 550-51 (in text as: Aesch. PB 550-51) ; Aesch. Supp. 1039-43 (in text as: Aesch. Supp. 1039-43) ; Eur. Med. 830-32 (in text as: Eur. Med. 830-32) ; Hes. Theog. 937 (in text as: Hes. Theog. 937) .

Secondary Sources: Buxton 1985, 37; Shapiro 1993, 95. (top)

Nemesis (Retribution)

Athen. 8.334b (in text as: Athen. 8.334b) ; Kypria fr. 7 (in text as: Kypria fr. 7) ; Paus. 1.33.7-8 (in text as: Paus. 1.33.7-8) ; Paus. 1.33.7-8 (in text as: Paus. 1.33.7-8) ; Plin. HN 46.17 (in text as: Plin. HN 46.17) ; Zen. 5.83 (in text as: Zen. 5.83) .

Secondary Sources: Miles 1989; Shapiro 1986, 11-14; Shapiro 1993, 173; Shapiro 1993, 194-95. (top)

Homonoia (Concord)

Dem. 20.12 (in text as: 20.12) ; Isoc. 8.217 (in text as: 217) ; Thuc. 8.93 (in text as: 93) ; Aristot. Ath. Pol. 40.3 (in text as: Aristot. Ath. Pol. 40.3) ; Dem. 18.164 (in text as: Dem. 18.164) ; Isoc. 8.13 (in text as: Isoc. 8.13) ; Lys. 18.17 (in text as: Lys. 18.17) ; Plat. Alc. 126c (in text as: Plat. Alc. 126c) ; Dem. 25.52 (in text as: Ps.-Dem. 25.52) ; Thuc. 8.75 (in text as: Thuc. 8.75) .

Secondary Sources: DK, 82 B 8a; DK, 87 B 44a. (top)

Oligarchia (Oligarchy)

Sch. Aeschin. 1.39 (in text as: Sch. Aeschin. 1.39) . (top)

Peitho (Persuasion)

Aesch. Eum. 885-91 (in text as: Aesch. Eum. 885-91) ; Aesch. Supp. 1039 (in text as: Aesch. Supp. 1039) ; Eur. Antigone fr. 170 N2 (in text as: Eur. Antigone fr. 170 N2) ; Hes. Th. 349 (in text as: Hes. Th. 349) ; Hes. WD 73 (in text as: Hes. WD 73) ; Isoc. 15.249 (in text as: Isoc. 15.249) ; Pind. fr. 122.2-5 (in text as: Pind. fr. 122.2-5) ; Plut. Mor. 138c-d (in text as: Plut. Mor. 138c-d) ; Plut. Mor. 264b (in text as: Plut. Mor. 264b) .

Secondary Sources: DK, 82 B 11.14; I. Jucker, “Kephalos im Göttergarten,” Zur griechischen Kunst. Festschrift H. Bloesch. AntK-Beih. 9 [1973] 63; Shapiro 1993, 195; Simon 1970, 12-13, pl. 2.4; The Route of Parmenides [New Haven 1970] 139. (top)

Philia (Friendship)

Agora I 5825 (in text as: Agora I 5825) ; Agora I 6630 (in text as: Agora I 6630) ; IG 2.2, 1195 (in text as: IG II², 1195) ; IG 2.2, 4627 (in text as: IG II², 4627) ; IG 2.2, 4627 (in text as: IG II², 4627) ; Isoc. 15.122 (in text as: Isoc. 15.122) ; Hesychius, s.v. Ai)dou=s bwmo/s (in text as: s.v. αἰδοῦς βωμός) .

Secondary Sources: DK, 31 B 16, 18-20; LSJ. (top)

Phyle/Phylai (Tribe/s)

IG 2.2,3025 (in text as: IG II² 3025) .

Secondary Sources: Kosmopoulou 1998. (top)

Soteria (Salvation)

There are no citations in this section. (top)

Themis

Hes. Theog. 901 (in text as: Hes. Theog. 901) ; Hom. Il. 15.95 (in text as: Hom. Il. 15.95) ; Hom. Il. 20.4 (in text as: Hom. Il. 20.4) ; Hom. Od. 2.68-69 (in text as: Hom. Od. 2.68-69) .

Secondary Sources: Harrison 1977; Harrison 1977, 159; Neils 1983, 21. (top)

(Agathe) Tyche (Good Fortune)

Ael. VH 9.39 (in text as: Ael. VH 9.39) ; Ael. VH 9.39 (in text as: Ael. VH 9.39) ; Aesch. Ag. 664 (in text as: Aesch. Ag. 664) ; Eur. Cycl. 607 (in text as: Eur. Cycl. 607) ; Eur. Hipp. 78 (in text as: Eur. Hipp. 78) ; Hes. WD 200 (in text as: Hes. WD 200) ; IG 2.2, 333.19-20 (in text as: IG II², 333.19-20) ; IG 2.2, 4564 (in text as: IG II², 4564) ; IG 2.2, 4589 (in text as: IG II², 4589) ; IG 2.2, 4627 (in text as: IG II², 4627) ; IG 2.2, 4644 (in text as: IG II², 4644) ; IG 2.2. 4627 (in text as: IG II². 4627) ; Paus. 1.17.1 (in text as: Paus. 1.17.1) ; Paus. 1.43.6 (in text as: Paus. 1.43.6) ; Paus. 4.30.6 (in text as: Paus. 4.30.6) ; Paus. 9.16.2 (in text as: Paus. 9.16.2) ; Pind. Hymn. fr. 39 Snell-Mihler (in text as: Pind. Hymn. fr. 39 Snell-Mihler) ; Plin. HN 36.23 (in text as: Plin. HN 36.23) ; Sch. Aesch. PB 12 (in text as: Sch. Aesch. PB 12) ; Soph. OC 133 (in text as: Soph. OC 133) .

Secondary Sources: DK,1 B 103; Schöne 1872, 54, no. 107, pl. 26.. (top)

Further Reading

Secondary Sources: A.C. Smith, Political Personifications in Classical Athenian Art (Diss. New Haven 1997).; A. Kosmopoulou, “The Relief Base of Atarbos, Akropolis Museum 1338,” in K. Hartswick and M. Sturgeon eds., Stephanos. Studies in Honor of Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway (Philadelphia 1998); C.L. Lawton, Attic Document Reliefs. Art and Politics in Ancient Athens (Oxford 1995).; D. Metzler, “Eunomia und Aphrodite. Zur Ikonologie einer attischen Vasengruppe,” Hephaistos 2 (1980) 73-88.; E.B. Harrison, “The Shoulder-Cord of Themis,” in U. Höckmann and A. Krug eds., Festschrift für Frank Brommer (Mainz 1977).; E. Simon, “Aphrodite Pandemos auf attischen Münzen,” SNR 49 (1970).; E. Simon, “Eirene und Pax. Friedensgöttinnen in der Antike,” Sitzungsberichte der Wissenschaften Gesellschaft an der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main 24 (1988) 55-69.; H.A. Shapiro, Personifications in Greek Art. The Representation of Abstract Concepts. 600-400 B.C. (Zurich 1993).; J. Frel, “Dike and Adikia,” Geras (Prague 1963); J.J. Pollitt, “Pots, Politics, and Personifications in Early Classical Athens,” Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin 40 (1987) 9-15.; J. Neils, “A Greek Nativity by the Meidias Painter,” BullClevelandMus 70 (1983) 274-89.; M.M. Miles, “A Reconstruction of the Temple of Nemesis at Rhamnous,” Hesperia 58 (1989) 226-35.; M. Meyer, Die griechischen Urkundenreliefs. AM-BH 13 (Berlin 1989).; M.P. Nilsson, “Kultische Personifikation,” Eranos 50 (1952) 31-40.; O. Palagia, “A Colossal Statue of a Personification from the Agora of Athens,” Hesperia 51 (1982) 99-113.; O. Palagia, “A Draped Female Torso in the Ashmolean Museum,” JHS 95 (1975) 180-82.; O. Palagia, “No Demokratia,” in O. Palagia, W.D.E. Coulson, T.L. Shear, Jr., H.A. Shapiro, and F.J. Frost eds., The Archaeology of Athens and Attica under the Democracy (Oxford 1994) 113-22.; R.G.A. Buxton, Persuasion in Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 1985); T.B.L. Webster, Art and Literature in Fourth Century Athens (London 1956).. (top)

When using this article as a resource, cite it thus:

Amy C. Smith, “Athenian Political Art from the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BCE: Images of Political Personifications,” in C.W. Blackwell, ed., Dēmos: Classical Athenian Democracy (A. Mahoney and R. Scaife, edd., The Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org]) edition of January 18 2003. Contact: cwb@stoa.org.

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